Cement pulmonary embolism as a complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty in a patient with follicular lymphoma

Vertebroplasty involves injecting a cement polymer, often polymethylmethacrylate (PMA), into the vertebral body under imaging guidance to increase stability. However, high vascularization and anatomical network of paravertebral extradural venous plexuses can allow migration particles systemic circulation regardless whether spinal compression or fractures occur during are present prior treatment. This case report presents 42-year-old female patient who visited emergency room with symptoms cough, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, dyspnea had history follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma rituximab Imaging revealed embolism in pulmonary artery tree, most likely caused by vertebroplasty. Anticoagulation was started despite lack hypoxemia due inorganic character embolic substance patient’s immunosuppressed status. The debris still on subsequent imaging, but condition remained stable, some signs illness remission. highlights importance considering as possible vertebroplasty complication properly assessing managing such cases, particularly patients underlying medical issues, well need for development standard protocol sequential chest X-rays after procedure alternatives PMA.